The solid–solid reactions of electron-donor compounds, such as: barbituric acid (1a), thiobarbituric acid (1b), 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid (1c), phenol (1d) and resorcinol (1e) with diazotized o-nitroaniline (3), m-nitroaniline (4) and p-nitroaniline (5) catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid (2) afford azo dyes by grinding in good yields. This new method totally avoids the use of inorganic acid...

To realize a one-dimensional (1D) system with strong spin-orbit coupling is a big challenge in modern physics, since the electrons in such a system are predicted to exhibit exotic properties unexpected from the 2D or 3D counterparts, while it was difficult to realize genuine physical properties inherent to the 1D system. We demonstrate the first experimental result that directly determines the ...

We study the scaling behavior of M -furcation (M =2, 3, 4, . . .) sequences of M-period (n = 1, 2, . . .) orbits in two coupled one-dimensional (1D) maps. Using a renormalization method, how the scaling behavior depends on M is particularly investigated in the zero-coupling case in which the two 1D maps become uncoupled. The zero-coupling fixed map of the M -furcation renormalization transforma...

For the ANSYS CFD codes CFX and Fluent coupling links to several 1D codes exist allowing for a wide range of multi-physics applications. As an example, a flexible coupling infrastructure in terms of supported multiphysics coupling conditions between ANSYS CFX and LMS AMESim is outlined. Examples of the wide range of coupling solutions of ANSYS CFD (CFX and Fluent) and coupled 1D-3D applications...

Recent evidence suggests that organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) into aligned fibrils or fibril-like ECM topographies promotes rapid migration in fibroblasts. However, the mechanisms of cell migration that are altered by these changes in micro-environmental topography remain unknown. Here, using 1D fibrillar migration as a model system for oriented fibrillar 3D matrices, we find tha...

We consider the coupling between three-dimensional (3D) and one-dimensional (1D) fluidstructure interaction (FSI) models describing blood flow inside compliant vessels. The 1D model is a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations. The 3D model consists of the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible Newtonian fluids coupled with a model for the vessel wall dynamics. A non standard fo...

We explore the synchronization behavior in interdependent systems, where the one-dimensional (1D) network (the intranetwork coupling strength J(I)) is ferromagnetically intercoupled (the strength J) to the Watts-Strogatz (WS) small-world network (the intranetwork coupling strength J(II)). In the absence of the internetwork coupling (J=0), the former network is well known not to exhibit the sync...

Given any structure, we seek to find the solution of mechanical problem as precisely and efficiently as possible. Within this condition, the BEM is robust and promising development, standing out in the analysis of cases with occurrence of large stress gradients, as in problems of fracture mechanics. Moreover, in BEM the modeling of infinite means is performed naturally, without the use of appro...